Over the years on this list we have seen many use-cases come through, I recall:- A school/library network that allows most of the Internet, but captures and redirects for certain networks / sites- A network allows all sorts of protocols - IMAP, HTTPS, for example - but not others - like HTTP, SMTP - and want to redirect / signal portal- A network that allows all Internet traffic, but just at a low QoS tier. No "captive" portal, but a portal is yet available for upgrading tier- Any network that allows a large walled garden, or even a *very large* garden, but otherwise has a captive portal- A network that will 99.99% of the time allow all traffic, but will (perhaps because of virus detection) interrupts sessions into captive state [technically, this is a "boolean" use-case, but one where polling would just be huge noise]